creative leaders and invention TRIZ : the theory of inventive problem solving
Monday, May 3, 2010
Should You Have White Cm Before Period?
Oscar Isoba
0 Introduction
TRIZ is a systematic method to enhance creativity , based on the study of models of evolution of patents and other types of solutions to problems. People who solve problems intuitively find that TRIZ (Teoriya resheniya Izobretatelskih Zadach) provides additional ideas. People solve problems in a structured way will also find that TRIZ provides additional structures.
technical creativity comprises a set of procedures of "creative thinking" that are designed to solve problems with innovative solutions . The technical nickname is added to the word creativity to differentiate between artistic creativity and to exclude from its scope any aspect related to art , although it can handle ergonomics criteria or aesthetic . This method is own area Engineering.
problem is defined as a circumstance that does not match the current situation with certain expectations. This broad definition suggests that technical creativity can be used for almost anything, although the main applications are given in companies and the research , which is used for troubleshooting ; strategy , management or technology .
The creative thinking is a modified form of reasoning which seeks to obtain ideas low probability , novel and innovative, that would not be accessible otherwise. Different ways exist to cause this type of reasoning are especially creative techniques.
Most existing techniques, including all the classic techniques, using an alteration of "normal reasoning" a procedure own of each technique. For the generation of ideas is not required to be an expert on the subject on which reasonable, although the process of solving a problem is phases analysis of the ideas submitted and construction of the solution, which must be performed by specialists.
This broad group of techniques based on Intuition, psychology and imagination voluntarily ignores the background of patents on the item under study.
TRIZ is based on patent KNOWLEDGE element and the MANAGEMENT it.
TRIZ surprised by the speed and quality of the results and because they have made significant progress and solved problems of extreme difficulty in and Sciences Industries ; basic.
No other creative method is the large number of applications the Processes, Products and Services has TRIZ.
This technique of solving problems "TRIZ" is unique in its concept as it arises from a different approach, which involves using the best available knowledge about a particular problem and reach their solution for the adaptation of previously implemented solutions to similar problems.
The TRIZ is the first technique that has been defined as "knowledge-based " but not only, because after it had been built others, resulting it.
Moreover, at the same time the TRIZ and the same person was created ARIZ, an algorithmic procedure that uses the TRIZ and is not discussed here because of the complexity of the basic technique, however, for those interested, contact www.altshuller.ru
1 GEINRICH ALTSHULLER
The creator of TRIZ was Genrich Altshuller, a Russian engineer who developed the theory through the analysis a million and a half patents in 1990. He realized that, despite the inventions solved problems that analyzed different fields are also very different, the solutions used were obtained from a relatively small set of basic ideas or principles invention.
Altshuller published his first article on TRIZ in 1956. Between 1961 and 1979 he wrote the books basic , exposing the method in an orderly and entering the name in the text TRIZ "Creativity as an exact science ." This latest book was the first to be translated into English and published outside the Soviet Union in 1984, but not a lot of attention by the complexity of the theory exposed and because the translation was poor.
Altshuller and TRIZ achieved international recognition in 1990, the U.S. published the book "And suddenly the inventor appeared", in which the method is explained in much more understandable. The TRIZ method had already been recognized in the Soviet Union as a contribution very valuable in 1970. The first TRIZ seminar was held in 1969, the first school was established in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) in 1974 and the Russian TRIZ Association was established in 1989.
The method has been applied almost exclusively to the resolution of technical or technological problems, but given the huge number of these problems, today is the technique most often used by creative companies and universities.
Genrich Altshuller continued throughout his life working on the method, making new contributions and forming a group of "masters of TRIZ, continuers of main development.
2 DEVELOPMENT
The development of TRIZ method in a first stage, is linked to Altshuller and his collaborators . Between 1974 and 1986 only works on TRIZ in different schools or Russian studies, among which school in Kishinev in 1982, has been the main focus of TRIZ for a long period of time .
In 1986 he established the first companies to TRIZ engineering in Russia and 1992 in the United States . From this point forward the method is tied more to companies that universities or research centers.
Outside of Russia, three countries, USA, Israel and Japan, who have distinguished themselves by accepting and momentum to TRIZ.
Some Russian experts have taken up residence in the United States and in this country where, besides Russia, are currently made the most progress.
important milestones in the development of TRIZ, from 1979, are introduction of the "solutions standard" and the version ARIZ 85 and the beginning of software development in 1991.
The development of TRIZ has followed several channels in parallel. The first has been the improvement of tools might be called classic, like the matrix Contradictions and Solutions Standard ; and 85 ARIZ algorithm.
A second path of development has been the creation of new tools such as the corresponding software.
have been applied to problems classic but have also been used to extend the method to other fields of technology , Sciences Social , Microelectronics, or management.
And there independent techniques, TRIZ shared with the theoretical, but simplified raise questions such as Systematic Inventive Thinking SIT.
See: Systematic Inventive Thinking the end of this presentation.
Finally, TRIZ has started to implement in conjunction with other techniques known business management such as "Six Sigma" and other creative tools such as the Synectics.
With these powerful combinations are obtained systems and building management.
The TRIZ method is proving so useful for forecasting and planning general technological developments as to solve specific problems, so its use (despite its complexity ARIZ stage 85), extends in a crescent.
3 PREMISE
There are two types of problems that human beings must face:
· ; previously known solutions
· unknown Solutions
Those with known solutions can usually be solved with information obtained from technical texts and journals, also consultations with specialists in the field in question.
These solutions follow a pattern of problem solving as muestrs in the following figure:
Here The particular problem is elevated to a standard problem of nature analogous or similar.
A standard is known and it will come my particular solution. Example: Suppose we need to design a rotating device whose output is 100 rpm, from a AC electric motor 2300 rpm.
standard analog The problem is how to reduce engine speed.
similar The standard solution is a speed reducer or gear transmission box, then this gear will be designed with appropriate dimensions, weight, torque, etc.
4 Inventive Problem
For problems with unknown solutions fall within the field of psychology , where the links between brain , insight and innovation are methods studied, such as brainstorming and trial and error is usually suggested. Depending on the complexity of the problem, the number of trial and error will vary greatly.
If the solution falls within our experience or field, such as mechanical engineering, the number of test and error will be somewhat smaller but no less an irrational method.
If the solution is not reached, the engineer must look beyond their experience and knowledge , ie, should venture into other fields such as chemistry or electronics . Then the number of tests grow depending on how well you can handle the psychological tools like brainstorming, intuition and creativity. An additional problem is that these psychological tools such as experience and intuition are difficult to communicate to another person within an organization .
This addresses what is called psychological inertia , where solutions are considered within the experience of one and not look at alternative technologies to develop new concepts of solution. Example: A mechanical engineer can find a solution to their problem outside the realm of their experience.
5 CONDITIONS OF TRIZ
Geinrich Altshuller, constructs a theory with the following conditions:
· procedure be a systematic step by step.
· Being a guide through the wide spaces of the steps leading solution for the ideal solution.
· be repetitive and reliable and not dependent on psychological tools.
· must allow access to the body of inventive knowledge.
· add items must allow the body of inventive knowledge.
· be friendly enough for designers to follow the general approach for solving inventive problems.
Altshuller screened patent 1,500,000, leaving about 200,000 of them just trying to find inventive problems and how they were resolved. Of these only 40,000 patents were considered by inventive to 1990.
to date are estimated at more than two million patents screened by TRIZ.
45000 are still only a inventive patents (including a new phenomenon) and the rest are just routine improvements or new concepts.
An inventive problem is where the solution causes other problems, ie when something is improved, other conditions worsen, and this was called a technical contradiction.
If we reduce the cost a stamped metal part, it better by reducing the thickness of the plate, but as a result suffers its mechanical strength. To achieve an ideal solution should eliminate trade-offs or off, that is to completely eliminate the causes.
inventive All these patents were classified 5 levels:
| Level | Grade inventive | Source knowledge | % Solution |
| 1 | apparent Solutions | Individual knowledge | 32% |
| 2 | Minor improvements | Knowledge within the company | 45% |
| 3 | Major improvements | Knowledge within the company | 18% |
| 4 | New concepts | outside the enterprise knowledge | 4% |
| 5 | Discovery of new phenomena | All that is knowable | 1% |
Overall 90% of the issues professionals face were already solved somewhere under a certain kind of knowledge, so if you could follow a path toward the ideal solution, starting from the lowest level of experience and personal knowledge and get to work towards higher levels, most of the solutions could be quickly deduced from the Knowledge Management.
Knowledge These are patents and technological discoveries to date.
The TRIZ method, has an extensive theoretical background with some assumptions. The three main ones are:
First Postulate: "Most made systems evolve man following predetermined guidelines, rather than randomly. These guidelines can be met through the study of evolution multiple systems and the knowledge acquired and can be used to accelerate the development of other systems. "
The second postulate is a version of the principle of closed world and says: "Most technical systems that exist are redundant resources, ie have more resourced to perform the functions for which they were conceived. As a result, almost all systems can perform their function more effectively or to perform additional functions without being modified.
Finally, the third postulate says: "You can find common ways to solve problems or improve a system based on predetermined stages of evolution, by historical analysis of inventions. This allows knowledge for innovation can be collected and transferred. "
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